🔭 OBSERVATIONAL DATA

The Grand Scale of the Universe

A deep look at how our universe is built: its age, its staggering size, and the mysterious elements that hold it all together.

13.8
Billion Years Old
Verified cosmological constant

Cosmic Breakdown

Universal Ingredients

Most of what exists is invisible to us. Only about 5% is the "normal" matter that makes up every star, planet, and person you have ever known.

Dark Energy

This mysterious force drives the universe to expand faster every second. We know it exists because of how distant supernovae behave and the patterns in the Cosmic Microwave Background.

Dark Matter

The invisible skeleton of the universe. It doesn't emit light, but its gravity pulls on galaxies, keeping them from flying apart. We see its footprint in gravitational lensing.

Normal Matter

Baryonic matter: the atoms and molecules that form gas clouds, solar systems, and life itself. This is the only part we can study through light alone.

The Great Unknowns

Current research is focused on identifying the particles behind dark matter and understanding why the expansion of space is accelerating.

How Structure Emerges

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From Ripples to Worlds

Tiny fluctuations at the dawn of time grew into a massive cosmic web. Gravity turned small clusters of matter into the giant galaxies we see today.

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Hidden Scaffolding

Dark matter acts as a nursery for galaxies. It pulls in gas, which eventually cools and collapses to ignite the very first stars.

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Bound by Gravity

Individual galaxies merge into massive clusters. These are the largest structures in the universe, serving as massive natural laboratories.

Infinite Gravity & New Worlds

Black Holes

Areas where gravity is so intense that nothing can escape. We've now captured actual images of their "shadows" and heard the ripples they leave in spacetime through gravitational waves.

Exoplanets

We have found thousands of planets orbiting other stars. With the JWST, we are now beginning to peek at their atmospheres to see if any could support life as we know it.

Reference Missions

Planck & WMAP Mission Data LIGO/Virgo Gravitational Waves JWST Atmospheric Research